Great Philosophers

Socrates

-470 — -399

Socratic

Ancient Greek philosopher, founder of dialectics and ethical philosophy.

Plato

-427 — -347

Platonism

Ancient Greek philosopher, student of Socrates, founder of the Academy.

Aristotle

-384 — -322

Peripatetic

Ancient Greek philosopher, student of Plato, tutor of Alexander the Great.

Pythagoras

-570 — -495

Pythagorean

Ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician, founder of the Pythagorean school.

Heraclitus

-535 — -475

Pre-Socratic

Ancient Greek philosopher known for his doctrine of eternal change.

Epicurus

-341 — -270

Epicurean

Ancient Greek philosopher, founder of Epicureanism, the philosophy of pleasure.

Augustine of Hippo

354 — 430

Neoplatonism, Christianity

Christian theologian and philosopher, one of the Church Fathers.

Thomas Aquinas

1225 — 1274

Scholasticism, Thomism

Italian theologian and philosopher, systematizer of Scholasticism.

Baruch Spinoza

1632 — 1677

Rationalism, Pantheism

Dutch rationalist philosopher, creator of a pantheistic system.

John Locke

1632 — 1704

Empiricism, Liberalism

English philosopher, founder of liberalism and empiricism.

David Hume

1711 — 1776

Empiricism, Skepticism

Scottish philosopher, skeptic and empiricist.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

1712 — 1778

Enlightenment, Romanticism

Franco-Swiss philosopher, writer, theorist of the social contract.

Immanuel Kant

1724 — 1804

Critical Philosophy

German philosopher, founder of critical philosophy.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

1770 — 1831

German Idealism

German philosopher, creator of the system of absolute idealism.

Arthur Schopenhauer

1788 — 1860

Voluntarism, Pessimism

German philosopher, creator of the philosophy of will and pessimism.

Friedrich Nietzsche

1844 — 1900

Philosophy of Life

German philosopher, critic of morality and religion, creator of the concept of the Übermensch.

Karl Marx

1818 — 1883

Marxism

German philosopher and economist, founder of Marxism.

Friedrich Engels

1820 — 1895

Marxism

German philosopher, co-author of Marxism, associate of Karl Marx.

Leo Tolstoy

1828 — 1910

Tolstoyism

Russian writer and thinker, creator of a religious-ethical teaching.

Martin Heidegger

1889 — 1976

Phenomenology, Existentialism

German philosopher, one of the founders of existentialism.

Jean-Paul Sartre

1905 — 1980

Existentialism

French philosopher and writer, leading representative of existentialism.

Albert Camus

1913 — 1960

Absurdism

French writer and philosopher, creator of the philosophy of the absurd.

Michel Foucault

1926 — 1984

Post-structuralism

French philosopher, historian of ideas, theorist of power and knowledge.

Gilles Deleuze

1925 — 1995

Post-structuralism

French philosopher, theorist of difference and becoming.